Unzen Volcanic Area UNESCO Global Geopark Official Mascot “Geo Kun”(left) and his little sister “Zina Chan”(right) Cases of economic development and geoconservation in Japanese Geoparks Presenter: Marekazu OHNO (Japan Geopark Committee / Unzen Volcanic Area UNESCO Global Geopark)

Distribution of epicenters of earthquakes and active volcanoes in the world : Active volcanoes : Epicenters of earthquakes with M<4

Plate boundaries and UGGs in Korea and Japan Plate Convergent Margin Collision Margin Direction of plate motion Itoigawa Muroto San’inkaigan Unzen Volcanic Area Jeju Toya Caldera and Usu Volcano Eurasian Plate Philippine Sea Plate North American Plate Pacific Plate Aso Mt. Apoi Chongsong Oki Izu Peninsula Mudeungsan Area

Geopark Program is one of the system to protect Earth’s heritages that exist in a given territories through achieving sustainable development of local societies. In the program, both economic development and geoconservation are essential activities. (Local) Governments School teachers Scientists Researchers Local merchants Travel agencies Geopark-guides… What is a Geopark Program? Education Research Economic development Maintain of local societies with sustainable manner Achieving of protection of Earth’s heritages

Sequence of the presentation 2: Cases of management system at geopark’s sites in Japanese Geoparks 1: Cases of local economic development using Geopark Activities in Japanese Geoparks 3:Challenges

Sequence of the presentation 2: Cases of management system at geopark’s sites in Japanese Geoparks 1: Cases of local economic development using Geopark Activities in Japanese Geoparks 3:Challenges

Itoigawa UGG About Itoigawa UNESCO Global Geopark • One of the First Global Geoparks in Japan (designated in 2009) • UNESCO Global Geopark on Itoigawa-Shizuoka Tectonic Line (the boundary of Eurasian and North American Plates) cutting geology and culture of Japan • We can find jade pebbles at a coast.

“HOTEL GEOPARK” in front of Itoigawa Station

Examples of Itoigawa UGGp “Geopark Master’s house” Geopark Management Organization (“GMO” hereafter) is authorizing shop owners to Geopark Masters under the following condition; •Participation in a given geopark seminar •Agreement with the concept of Geopark When geotours or events are held, GMO utilize these shops as priority (~ incentive for the shops ). These shops contribute to improvement of visibility and local economic development using Geopark.

“The Geo-Donburi Project” The restaurants where locate near geosites in Itoigawa UGGp has developed original “rice bowl” menu using local products (e.g., sea foods, vegetables, local processed foods and so on… ) Examples of Itoigawa UGGp

Strata Donburi Donburi of sunset on Japan Sea Donburi of Jade tour Donburi of Mt. Gongendake

Souvenir corner at Itoigawa Station Souvenirs putting “Geopark label” on their packages Japanese Sake using local rice and water Local rice putting “Geopark label” on the package

Muroto UGG About Muroto UNESCO Global Geopark • Designation in 2011 • Development of Japan Island Arc by accretionary prism • Unique local culture influence by the Japan Current and landform caused by repeated strong earthquakes.

Excellent geopark guides! Ministry of Environment authorized the activities of geopark guides in Muroto UGGp as award of “the 12th Ecotourism in Japan These geopark guides introduce to local shops / restaurants (linking of ) 090-2960-7385(Fujiwarasan’s cell phone)

Souvenir corner as to Geopark Staffs wearing polo shirts of Geopark as a uniform Improvement of visibility of Geopark with several manners. Logo of Muroto UGGp on public bus stops

The panel written in “Geo-curry” Cake imitating the strata exposing at a geosite “Geo-curry” used by local farm products “Geo-Pizza” used by local farm and processed products

Local people and companies strongly support Geopark activities. Local shop’s owner telling about geoparks Staff explaining relation about geopark activities Local guides introducing historical episodes of the area

Izu Peninsula UGG About Izu Penisula UNESCO Global Geopark • Designation in 2018 (the latest UGG in Japan) • The area was generated by collision of a volcanic island to an island arc in 1 Ma. • Unique geology and botanical development

Structure generated by water current (cross lamina) Cracks generated by cooling of lava flows(columnar joints) Local creators developed as “GEO-GASHI”(geo-cakes). The concept of the cakes is a “cakes by cutting off landscapes”.

Package of “GEO- GASHI”.

Map of “GEO-GASHI”. Visitors can meet the “real landscapes” described by the GEO- GASHI”, if they visit at these places.

The shogun constructed a large castle and stone wall in Edo (Tokyo) in 17 C. Lots stone blocks were quarried out and transported from Izu area to Tokyo. However, some blocks were too large transport, and left at the coast. The creator became these left blocks as the cake. Example of the story hidden the cake “Izuishi Andesite” (Deceptive crunchy chocolate biscuit)

Complete GEO-GASHI BOX 3,000 JPY (~30,000 Won) (~183 RMB)?? (~27 USD) (~24 EURO)

Unzen Volcanic Area UGG About Unzen Volcanic Area UNESCO Global Geopark • One of the First Global Geoparks in Japan (designated in 2009) • Closest UGGp from Korea • Volcanic disasters and the restorations • Unique culture and historical episodes associated with volcanic activities.

“Funka Champon Noodle” “Rokube de Kasutera Cake” (The Rokube is a local name of powder of sweet potatoes.) “Yusem Pei” “Kattua”

“Geopark-ad-wrapped bus”

Holding of 5th International UNESCO Conference on Geoparks (GEOPARKS2012) -Main Theme- “Earth Heritage and Sustainable Development” Date: May 12-15, 2012. 593 participants from 31 countries

Geo-Marche (Local food market) “A Geo Marche” is a local food market with theme of “Geopark”, which started in 2013 by triggering the 5th International UNESCO Conference. Frequency: 2013-14: Every month 2015-16: Seasonal holding 2017- : 2 times per a year

Café managed by high school students Vegetable shop selling fresh local products Geopark Card Game (Geo-Karuta) (for children) In “big Geo Marche”, about 56,000 people were visited in two days.

Sequence of the presentation 2: Cases of management system at geopark’s sites in Japanese Geoparks 1: Cases of local economic development using Geopark Activities in Japanese Geoparks 3:Challenges

Itoigawa Toya Caldera and Usu Volcano Mt. Apoi Izu PeninsulaMuroto San’inkaigan Oki Unzen Volcanic Area Aso 9 UNESCO Global Geoparks in Japan. These areas are partially overlapping in those of National Parks.

Geopark’s sites in Unzen UGGp Number of Geoparks’s sites Geological sites:23 Natural sites:9 Cultural / historical sites:57 Composite sites:41 (total 130; as of September 2018) Part of these sites are located in Unzen- Amakusa National Park (Green, Orange and Red colors) of Prefectural Park(Pink color). Other sites are protected legally (e.g., natural and historical monuments )

Themes Sub-themes Main Geopark’s Sites Unzen-Amakusa National Park Nagasaki Prefectural Natural Park Other conservation system Origin of Shimabara Peninsula Beginnings of Shimabara Peninsula Hayasaki Basalt ○ Kunisaki Andesite ○ Major eruptions in Kyushu Hara Castle ○ National Historic Site Origin of Unzen Volcano Tatsuishi Natural Monument in Minamishimabara City Sinking Unzen Volcano Chijiwa Fault ○ ○ National Special Scenic spot Suwanoike Pond ○ People and Volcanic Eruptions Pyroclastic Flows of Jomon Period The Gongenwaki remains Sabo law Shimabara Taihen (Catastrophe) Shin’yake lava ○ Mayuyama Collapse ○ ○ Shirachi Lake Governed by Shimabara City Heisei Eruption Heisei Shinzan (lava dome) ○ National Natural Monument Nita pass ○ National Special Scenic spot Disaster and Restoration Damage from pyroclastic flow Remains of Kamikoba Sabo law Remains of Onokoba Governed by Minamishimabara City Remains of Senbongi ○ Sabo law Damage from debris flow Memorial Park of Houses destroyed by debris flow Governed by Minamishimabara City Restoration of nature Taruki Daichi nature restoration area ○ The Gift from Nature Hot Springs Obama Spa Governed by Obama Onsen Association Unzen Spa ○ National Special Scenic spot Shimabara Spa Governed by Shimabara Onsen Association Hot Springs of organic origin Groundwater Abundant springs of groundwater National and Civil Natural Monument Vegetation Maple a aleas Enkianth s cern s etc ○ National Nat ral Mon ment

• (ジオサイトクリーン作戦の写真)The Geosites Cleaning Project

About 40,000 years ago Growing of Myoken volcano Eruptive history of Unzen Volcano (after 40,000 years) About 27,000 years ago Sector collapse of Myoken Volcano Amphitheater wall Around 6,000- 4,000 years ago Generation of lava domes Mayuyama lava dome Myoken volcano

Mountain trail re- established in 2012. Hazard area Mt. Heiseishinzan Amphitheater wall caused by a sector collapse in 27,000 years ago

Nita Pass

Kitano Kaza-ana(Cave)

Nita Pass

Hatoana-Wakare Bread-crust bombs derived from the 1991 eruption of Mt. Unzen

Nita Pass

Tateiwanomine Observatory

仁田峠

Volcanic ash layers of the latest eruption

Explanation panels established along the trail

Good practices about management of the trail 1: By establishing the mountain trail, number of climbers / tourists has increased. 2:By making patrol system the mountain trail, relationship among organizations concerning the establishment of the trail has been good.

Sequence of the presentation 2: Cases of management system at geopark’s sites in Japanese Geoparks 1: Cases of local economic development using Geopark Activities in Japanese Geoparks 3:Challenges